Blood pressure in hypertension

High blood pressure in hypertension is the main criterion for chronic hypertension, which requires urgent treatment. It should be borne in mind that slight fluctuations in blood pressure may occur during the day; this is normal. But if the elevated level remains elevated for quite a long time or the pressure fluctuates with very large differences, then this is hypertension.

What is the blood pressure of a hypertensive patient?

Blood pressure in humans is expressed by two indicators: upper or systolic and lower (diastolic). In an adult, normal blood pressure should range from 120/80 to 129/84 mmHg. Symptoms indicating the disease:

• headache in the back of the head;
• insomnia;
• dizziness;
• fainting;
• pain in the heart area;
• goosebumps or circles before the eyes.

For hypertensive patients the criteria vary depending on the stage of the disease, as shown in the table:

Degree of hypertension	Pressure readings mm Hg. Art.	Symptoms	Treatment
Light	From 140 to 90 to 160 to 100	Blood pressure rises periodically due to stress Heachache	Diet Normalization of lifestyle
Moderate	160/100—180/110	Enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart Dizziness Fainting	Medicines Light exercise Diet
Heavy	Over 180/110	Hit Heart attack Cardiac arrhythmia Nosebleeds	Powerful drugs Strict diet

High blood pressure is more dangerous than low blood pressure. You should also be wary of the pathology because in the initial stages there are practically no symptoms. Late detection of the problem threatens disruption of the functioning of internal organs and prolonged treatment.

How to measure to get a reliable result?

Blood pressure measurements must be taken correctly; the accuracy of the result will depend on this. Basic rules for taking measurements:

• Take measurements before meals, 3 times a day.
• The patient's hand should be at heart level.
• The device cuff should be in contact with the skin, but not too tight, so that the index finger can be positioned between the cuff and the skin. You need to inflate the air quickly and deflate it slowly.
• 30 minutes before the procedure, do not smoke, drink coffee, tea or alcohol.
• During the measurement do not speak or strain your hand.
• It is best to take measurements with both hands. In this case, the difference between left and right should normally not exceed 10%.

Main prevention methods

For preventive purposes and to maintain blood pressure within the norm, you need to follow simple requirements:

• monitor body weight fluctuations;
• the amount of salt consumed must not be more than 5 g per day;
• Perform simple exercises every day;
• eliminate alcohol and nicotine from consumption;
• add fresh fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.

Adequate treatment of high blood pressure

You can stabilize blood pressure and sometimes completely eliminate the disease in various ways: traditional or medicinal. At home, you can lower blood pressure with teas and tinctures. Drug treatment should be used with extreme caution and after consulting a doctor. With some medications, blood pressure drops very quickly. Medicines are divided into the groups indicated in the table.

Group of drugs	Directions	Contraindications
ACE inhibitors	Concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease For complex treatments	Chronic kidney disease Allergic reactions
Sartan	Atrial fibrillation Diabetic nephropathy Intolerance to ACE inhibitors	Virtually no side effects Pregnancy
Beta blockers	Heart rhythm disorders Angina pectoris	Chronic lung disease
Diuretics	To remove excess fluid from the body, helping to lower blood pressure Diabetes	Hypokalemia - long-term use of the drug removes beneficial substances from the body
Quick action	For rapid relief of symptoms With complex treatment	Individual intolerance to the components of the drug