Hypertension

Hypertension is persistent elevated blood pressure above normal, usually above 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

Essential high blood pressure is another name for it. It accounts for over ninety percent of cases of arterial hypertension. In the remaining cases, secondary arterial hypertension is diagnosed. These include renal up to 4%, endocrine up to 0. 4%, hemodynamic and neurological, stress, which are caused by the intake of iatrogenic substances. There is also hypertension in pregnant women, in which an increase in blood pressure is one of the symptoms of the underlying disease.

Among the various types of iatrogenic hypertension, the methods of various food supplements and contraceptives differ. In general, the onset of hypertension contributes to more than 25 combinations in the genetic code of the human body.

Causes of hypertension

When doctors talk about the cause of hypertension, they admit that the cause of its onset is not yet clear. Therefore, this disease is also called essential or a disease with an unclear etiology.

The theories that exist in our time and that try to explain the onset of hypertension are in themselves unsustainable and can lead a person into a hopeless situation (when all methods have been tried), without explaining anything either concretely or scientifically. . The patient, to put it mildly, is put into care for the sake of the treatment. A person is almost constantly forced to resort to the help of drugs to relieve hypertensive state.

In the human body, there is a so-called system that regulates blood pressure. It can also increase for various reasons. When blood pressure rises, the walls of vessels such as the aortic arch or carotid artery become very tense. Because of this, the receptors found in them are irritated. The resulting excitation, passing through the nerves, reaches the medulla oblongata. There is a vasomotor center. The activity of depressor neurons, as opposed to pressure neurons, will increase, thus causing blood vessels to dilate and blood pressure to decrease. In the case of a decrease in blood pressure, such processes occur in complete contrast. This explains the normal process of increasing and decreasing blood pressure in the human body. Without a reason, the pressure won't increase. Everything in the body is interconnected.

Causes of hypertension include:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem very often have an increase in blood pressure and, consequently, hypertension. As a rule, people with such disorders in the body's metabolism should keep it under control.
2. In five percent of patients, the causes of hypertension can be kidney or thyroid disorders.
3. If a person is not overweight and has a slim build. She has no kidney and thyroid problems, so the cause of hypertension could be a lack of magnesium in the body
4. Hypertension is caused in five percent of patients: a tumor of the adrenal glands, a tumor of the pituitary gland, mercury poisoning, lead, etc.

More specifically, the main cause of hypertension in most patients is the metabolic syndrome. As a rule, in such patients, the cholesterol content in the blood level is disturbed. The metabolic syndrome is determined by several reasons: an increase in waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women, more than 94 cm in men); an increase in triglycerides (the so-called fats) in the blood exceeds 1. 75 mmol per liter, or the patient is already taking drugs to correct the disease; high-density lipoproteins in women should be less than 1. 3 mmol per liter, in men less than 1. 0 mmol per liter; systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure exceeds 85 mm Hg; the blood glucose level taken on an empty stomach is above 5. 5 mmol per liter. In total, if hypertension is combined with overweight, it is necessary to check for the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of hypertension are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid disease, heredity also plays a role.

Symptoms of hypertension

Clinical manifestations of hypertension disease have no specific symptoms. Patients for many years may not even guess what disease they have. They will feel a high vitality. Although sometimes they can still be overcome by bouts of dizziness, weakness, sometimes with dizziness. But, as a rule, these people believe that it comes from overwork. Complaints arise when, as they are called, the target organs are affected. These are the organs most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

The occurrence of headache and dizziness in a person, noise in the head, a decrease in working capacity and memory indicate initial changes in the cerebral blood supply. Subsequently, double vision, flies in front of the eyes, weakness, difficulty in speaking, numbness of the arms and legs come together, but at the initial level, these changes in blood supply are of an imminent nature.

If the stage of hypertension has gone far, it can lead to complications in the form of a heart attack or stroke. The first and most constant sign of hypertension is an increase (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle of the myocardium. In this regard, an increase in its mass is accompanied by the fact that the walls of the vessels thicken. First, the thickness of the wall of the left ventricle thickens, then the expansion of the heart chamber of this ventricle occurs. The same goes for hypertension. In another way, this condition can be called heart hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. With this form of hypertension, large morphological changes in the aorta (atherosclerosis) can join, it can expand, as a result of which it can rupture or dissect. Hypertension of the heart in this regard is very insidious.

A common sign or symptom of hypertension is, of course, headache. And as the most characteristic sign of this disease, with its further progression, it can appear at different times of the day (patients often complain of the night and the time after waking up from sleep). The nature of the headache can be explosive or severe in the occipital region and can cover other areas of the head as well. With hypertension, there may be swelling of the legs, which also indicates heart failure. Also, they can be a sign of impaired kidney function.

hypertension

High blood pressure is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The word "high blood pressure" refers to blood pressure that remains constantly elevated. An increase in blood pressure occurs when there is a narrowing of the arteries and arterioles.

An artery is the main transport route through which blood is delivered to all tissues in the body. In many people, the arterioles very often shrink. Initially due to the spasm and subsequently their lumen remains almost constantly narrow due to the thickening of the walls. And then, in order for the blood flow to overcome the constrictions, an increased effort is applied, as a result of which the work of the heart muscle increases and a large amount of blood flows into the vascular bed. These people usually suffer from hypertension more often than not.

This condition is chronic. In about 1 in 10 hypertensive patients, high blood pressure is caused by damage to a specific organ.

In these cases we speak of symptomatic arterial hypertension, or as it is also called secondary. About 90 percent of patients suffer from an essential form of hypertension, or as it is called primary. Patients with arterial hypertension very often suffer from headaches.

With high blood pressure, a hypertensive crisis is a frequent occurrence. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• The first stage of the crisis (when immediate reduction of blood pressure is required) is classified: hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, acute aortic dissection, eclampsia, postcoronary arterial bypass. In some cases, hypertension is observed, which combines an increase in the level of circulating catecholamines in the blood.
• In the second phase of the crisis (when the conditions required to lower blood pressure within 12-24 hours): malignant arterial hypertension without any particular complications, elevated hypertension, characterized by an increase in diastolic pressure above 140 mm Hg.

Emergency cupirization of a hypertensive crisis is performed in conditions in which it appears: a convulsive form (hypertensive encephalopathy), a crisis in the presence of pheochromocytoma, a crisis of myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm.

Studies prescribed by a doctor for high blood pressure should include: a background examination, a study of kidney function, a study of the heart. He may also prescribe antihypertensive therapy to patients, which will help identify complications that can occur during high blood pressure (hypertension).

Degrees of hypertension

To correctly diagnose hypertension, doctors must first determine the degree or stage of hypertension in a patient and make an appropriate entry in his medical record, as it were. If the diagnosis of hypertension disease occurred in the later stages, the second or third, the consequences for the body may be more severe than in the first stage of the disease. However, few patients go to the doctor in the early or early stages of the disease. And in general, few people measure their blood pressure at home.

Determine: normal blood pressure, in which the systolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is less than 130 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the values are less than 85 mm Hg. Normal high, in which the systolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is 130-140 mm Hg, and the diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicators are 85-90 mm Hg.

• Hypertension 1 degree (mild), in which systolic blood pressure has an indicator of 140-160 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicators are 90-100 mmHg;
• 2nd degree hypertension (moderate), in which the systolic pressure has an indicator of 160-180 mmHg, and the diastolic pressure, in which the indicators are 100-110 mmHg;
• Grade 3 hypertension (severe), where systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, where values are greater than 110 mm Hg.

Stages of hypertension

First stage hypertension - characterized by an increase in blood pressure up to 160/100 mm, which can occur within a few days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually drops to a normal level.

At this stage, there are usually no symptoms of the disease. Sometimes there may be complaints of recurring headaches, sleep problems, light heart pain.

In the second stage of hypertension, the pressure rises to 180/100 mm. Even if the patient rests, he does not drop to a normal level. In addition to an increase in blood pressure, there may be a narrowing of the retinal artery, a hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, the protein appears in the urine during the analysis and a slight increase in plasma creatine. There may be headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbances, angina pectoris, shortness of breath. With this stage, misfortunes such as heart attacks, strokes can come. At this stage, it is necessary to take medications for hypertension.

In the third stage of hypertension, there is an increase in blood pressure to 180/110 mm and above. Almost all patients experience (severe) changes in internal organs. There are frequent attacks of dyspnea, angina pectoris, heart rhythm disturbances, headaches, dizziness, sleep and hearing disturbances, vision and memory disturbances. Development of renal and heart failure. Strokes and heart attacks are guaranteed. Urgent treatment must be carried out.

Treatment of hypertension

There are two methods of treating hypertension: drug and non-drug treatment.

There are various treatments for hypertension, but treatment should begin with the treatment of diseases whose symptoms are secondary hypertension, as well as the symptomatic components of hypertension. Non-drug treatment of arterial hypertension consists in following a diet in which there is a salt restriction, a favorable regime of rest and work, coping with stressful situations, refraining from drinking alcohol and quitting smoking and normalizing body weight. Only with low efficiency of this method, drug therapy should be connected.

The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. Mono and combination therapy is appropriate at the start of treatment. When ineffective, I use low doses of antihypertensive drug combinations. The first line of treatment involves prescribing drugs that improve prognosis.

• Beta blockers. This is an obsolete group of drugs that have a hypotensive effect by reducing the heart rate and blood volume per minute. They improve the work of the heart in its ischemic disease. But a side effect of such drugs is bronchospasm, so in our day most doctors are moving away from this method of treatment as monotherapy. And even with long-term use, they contribute to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction.
• Diuretics. Saluretics, drugs that remove sodium and chlorine ions from the body, are also used to treat hypertension. But most diuretic drugs cause potassium to be excreted from the body. It is better to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. Used to prevent brain damage. In no case should you self-medicate in case of hypertension.

Only a doctor can prescribe the correct means of treating hypertension after a properly conducted examination.

In general, although hypertension is not completely curable, it can be confidently stated that good results in treatment can be achieved in the coordinated work of the patient and the attending physician. It is possible to achieve a stable improvement in the state of the vascular system and the work of the heart, as well as improve the level of cholesterol in the blood, which will also contribute to a good relief of the patient's condition. Compliance with the absolute instructions and recommendations of the doctor will help the patient get rid of many of the symptoms that this insidious disease can provide.

Diet for hypertension

Rational nutrition is a diet that maintains health. It also meets all the human body's needs for vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as energy.

The work of the entire heart system is closely related to the processes of digestion. With hypertension, diet has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the patient. A large meal can fill the stomach a lot and thus can displace the diaphragm, which makes it difficult for the heart to work. Excess liquid also creates a high load. Well, if the diet is overfilled with a large amount of sodium chloride, water is retained in the tissues of the body and this causes an increase in blood pressure, which sometimes also leads to swelling of the extremities.

Diet principles. nutrition: observance of the diet is considered a prerequisite - regular meals at the same time, the best way would also be to adhere to frequent and split meals - three to five times a day, which is very important for overweight; it is advisable to consume dinner no later than two hours before bedtime: a large meal before rest causes the accumulation of excess weight and obesity, and also contributes to restless sleep; food while following the diet should be varied and include products of various origins (plant and animal).

What needs to be limited:

• Salt. It is advisable to limit it to minimum volumes and to add only slightly cooked dishes. In general, the salt itself causes fluid retention in the body and contributes to the accumulation of excess body weight. During the diet, it is usually taken at five grams per day. For an increase in blood pressure, it is recommended to take salt as a "preventive" type, ie with a reduced sodium content. It may also contain minerals essential for health such as magnesium, iodine, and potassium ions. Products in which there is a low sodium content are products of plant origin: fish, cottage cheese, meat. Prepared foods such as cheese or sausage contain an incredible amount of salt. It is ten times more in them than in natural flesh. If the food is not salty or unsalted at all, its taste can be improved by adding cranberries, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, coriander or dill. Salt restriction is very important in the diet for the treatment of hypertension.
• Liquid. Reduce the volume of consumption to one liter per day, including compote, soup, milk and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to unload the work of the heart muscle and the work of the kidneys. You should also limit the intake of substances that excite the work of the cardiovascular system. These substances include caffeine and other tonic substances. They can cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure, and insomnia. Also be careful with instant coffee as it contains much more caffeine than regular coffee. Animal fat intake should be limited to 25 grams per day. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely related. High blood pressure contributes to the development of a disease such as atherosclerosis and can occur on its own in the background. To combat this syndrome it is necessary to reduce the consumption of animal fats, rich in saturated fatty acids, and replace them with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, cottonseed and the like). Patients should avoid eating foods that contain cholesterol (kidney, liver, fatty meats, egg yolks).
• Sugar. The sugar restriction should be up to 40 grams per day. Its excess is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
• Bakery products. Patients with hypertension are often overweight. In this case it is necessary to reduce the calorie content of food products, thus limiting not only the consumption of sugar, but also that of jam, flour derivatives, white bread, etc. In such cases, a very effective remedy such as fasting days are welcome. But again, only on the advice of a doctor who observes the patient. You can organize fasting days once a week. That is, absolutely nothing to eat, just water to drink. This will greatly contribute to weight loss. You can also arrange cottage cheese days: 400 grams of cottage cheese for five doses, two glasses of kefir, two cups of unsweetened and weak tea. And you can also organize apple days: two kilograms of apples for five servings.

You should increase your intake of the following:

• Potassium. Products containing it are very useful in treating hypertension. And there should be more of these products. Potassium improves the functioning of the heart muscle and also helps to remove excess fluids. Potassium salts are found in large quantities in vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as in juices. They are also rich in cabbage, potatoes, pumpkin, apricots, prunes, raisins, dried apricots, rose hips.
• Magnesium. It is necessary to supply the body with magnesium. Like potassium, it is needed in the treatment of hypertension. Magnesium salts have a vasodilating effect, which contributes to the prevention of vasospasm. This macronutrient is found in bran bread and rye bread, as well as oatmeal, wheat, millet, buckwheat, barley groats, beets, carrots, lettuce, parsley, black currants, walnuts and almonds.
• Iodine. Iodine also has a good effect on metabolism and metabolism in general in hypertension. Foods that contain iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Salt restriction, providing the body with a sufficient amount of products containing magnesium and potassium salts, which are among the main features of therapeutic and preventive nutrition for arterial hypertension.

In general, the relationship between diet and treatment should be agreed with the doctor who observes the patient, since in case of violation of a prescription there can be serious consequences for the organism.

Folk remedies for hypertension

Treatment of hypertension folk remedies is very, very effective. Its effect will be more and more lasting and positive, but only if the patient leads a healthy lifestyle and adheres to a strict diet.

How exactly to treat hypertension folk remedies?

Herbal decoctions, as well as infusions for the treatment of hypertension, prepared according to folk recipes, doctors recommend using for quite a long time. You can take five to ten day breaks every two to three months. The composition of these taxes and decoctions includes special plants for lowering blood pressure. They also have sedative, sedative, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. Such collections contain a plurality of certain compounds that have a beneficial effect on our body. They are called biologically active compounds. They include: macro and micro elements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and other substances.

Examples of folk recipes used for hypertension:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, flower honey - half a kilo, vodka - half a liter, parting nuts - about thirty pieces. The method of preparation consists in squeezing the juice of the onion, mixing it with honey, adding partitions of nuts to this mixture. All this is poured with vodka and infused for about ten days. After that, this infusion can be taken three times a day, one tablespoon.
2. One lemon, two glasses of beet juice, one and a half glasses of cranberry juice, one glass of vodka, 250 grams of flower honey. All this mix and take one tablespoon on an empty stomach twice a day.
3. Take half a glass of honey and chopped beets. Mix everything and take a tablespoon before meals three times a day for three months.

In addition, bee venom has good diuretic properties and blocks spasms of blood vessels, expanding them. This action leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, it is also recommended to prick the limbs with bees twice a week.

Traditional medicine gives recommendations on the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are good powerful antioxidants, they also reduce fatigue and help cleanse the body, increasing its resistance to nervous and physical stress.

In the treatment of hypertension, the fruits of aronia are also prescribed. They can be cooked in the form of jelly, compotes, fruit drinks, syrups and even jams. The juice of these fruits has a great therapeutic effect, which is taken half an hour before meals three times a day.